Fortress Europe

Ceuta, An Enclave For Migrating Birds Not Humans

By Andrea Pettrachin
A few kilometres before the border between the Spanish enclave of Ceuta and Morocco, a sign informs passers-by that this outpost of Spain on African soil stands in a privileged position for those who wish to observe the annual migration of birds across the Strait of Gibraltar, their shortest route from Africa to Europe.

ANALYSIS: Europe’s Migrant Graveyard

By Matt Carr
Since the end of the Cold War, the Mediterranean has become the most lethal of Europe’s barriers against irregular migration, having claimed nearly 20,000 migrant lives in the last two decades.  


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