By Shelby Quast
NEW YORK, Oct 12 2015 (IPS)

Everyday should be about girls, but yesterday, October 11, was dedicated especially to them. International Day of the Girl is yet another opportunity to put girls at center stage.

For many girls, their childhood and adolescent years are shaped by harmful experiences such as sexual violence, child marriage, female genital mutilation (FGM) and sex trafficking.

Understanding that a lack of support systems can leave girls without the means to speak out against abuses and seek help, Equality Now’s #JusticeForGirls program uses strategic litigation and related advocacy to ensure a level playing field for girls – particularly during their critical adolescent years.

This year, Equality Now announced an exciting new additional component to this initiative. The GENEROSITY of GIRLS Fund supports programmes that directly impact the lives of girls. Initial recipients are partner organizations that work on the front lines with adolescent girls: Safe Hands for Girls in the U.S., The Girl Child Network in Uganda and the Rural Education & Economic Enhancement Programme (REEP) in Kenya.

Founded by FGM survivor Jaha Dukureh, Safe Hands for Girls supports and empowers girls at risk of FGM by providing culturally appropriate support groups, economically empowering girls and supporting their goals for higher education. The Girl Child Network in Kampala, Uganda, empowers girls to develop their own curricula for more than 20 after-school clubs.

With support from the GENEROSITY of GIRS Fund, The Girl Child Network has the opportunity to empower 500 girls. The REEP initiative empowers girls in Busia County, Kenya, where Equality Now recently supported a sexual violence case and brought 70 similar cases to the attention of local law enforcement. With support from the fund, REEP will reach 1,000 girls.

Ensuring that strong laws and access to justice is the first step towards making gender equality a reality. Yet many countries, such as Liberia and Mali, have yet to put in place laws which ban FGM, a severe form of violence that is likely to affect up to 30 million girls over the coming decade.

Meanwhile, if you happen to be born a girl in Yemen or Saudi Arabia, you still have no legislative protection against child marriage. Other countries have laws against such abuses but fail to implement them.

In Saudi Arabia, we worked with Fatima, a 12-year-old married to a 50-year-old man with a wife and 10 children. Her father received the equivalent of US$10,000 for her, which he spent on a car. Fatima’s husband gave her a PlayStation for her wedding gift. We worked with a Saudi lawyer to help Fatima and the resulting publicity helped put pressure on her husband, who finally consented to a divorce.

Sexual violence continues to be an epidemic in every country in the world. Awareness has increased over the past 15 years but enforcing the rule of law continues to be a problem for most governments. The law provides a framework that determines a person’s worth.

In Morocco, Amina Filali was raped when she was sixteen. But a loophole in the law exempted rapists from punishment if they marry their victims. Instead of punishing rapists, judges forced girls to marry them.

Amina could not bear a lifetime of being raped, so she took her own life swallowing rat poison. Other girls have done the same. We campaigned very actively with Moroccan groups to change the law. While the change came too late for Amina, it can hopefully protect other girls.

And this is not just an issue for the economically developing world. Half a million women and girls in the US have undergone, or are at risk of undergoing, FGM. In fact, no country has reached gender equality.

But things have at least started to change. Twenty years ago, FGM was seen as a cultural practice, but it is now widely recognized as violence and as a violation of human rights. There are now laws banning it in the majority of those countries where it is most prevalent. Two decades ago, the media did not really cover violence against girls as an issue, but that is changing by the day.

The sexual violence epidemic against girls around the world is no longer a hidden issue and almost two million people signed a petition to ensure #JusticeForLiz, a 16-year-old girl who was gang-raped and left for dead in Kenya, which led to the arrest and conviction of the rapists.

At a global level, the newly-adopted Sustainable Development Goals include women and girls throughout the agenda. We now need to ensure that progress toward achieving these goals, such as ending FGM and child marriage, are implemented and measured wherever women and girls are affected – not just in select countries.

October 11 was for all of the world’s girls, but the benefits are much more extensive. If every girl is valued and given the same opportunities as boys; if she is free from all forms of violence and discrimination, amazing things can happen – not only for the girl whose life is changed forever but for her the community and the whole world which becomes safer, happier and more balanced.

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Shelby Quast

By Shelby Quast
NEW YORK, Sep 24 2015 (IPS)

Heads of states from around the world will meet at the United Nations this week to commit to 17 goals, which will set out the entire international development agenda for the next 15 years. A central aim will be to end poverty and fight injustice and inequality.

One of these goals relates specifically to ensuring an end to gender inequality – including violence against women and girls. However, ensuring equality for girls and women should be at the centre of all goals.

Harmful practices such as female genital mutilation (FGM) will be targeted specifically under the gender equality goal. However, a global indicator on FGM is needed to promote this target. This extreme human rights violation is a phenomenon which exists not only on the African continent, but in the United Kingdom and elsewhere in Europe, in the United States and other parts of the Americas, in various parts of Asia, the Middle East and elsewhere around the world.

Over the past 20 years, Equality Now has helped to build a global movement towards gender equality. We have seen some progress on governments fixing their many anti-women and girls laws. Over half of the sexist laws we highlighted five years after the Beijing conference have been either amended or repealed.

Gains have been made in girls’ access to education, maternal mortality has halved over the past two decades, women are more likely to be in leadership positions and almost all new constitutions written since 1995 consider legal equality for women and men.

However, progress has been inconsistent and many countries have failed to fulfill commitments made over two decades ago. In Russia, there are 456 jobs that women cannot legally do. Marital rape is legal in dozens of countries around the globe. In Malta, if a kidnapper “after abducting a person, shall marry such person, he shall not be liable to prosecution”.

Our campaign to fix all sex discriminatory laws around the world is one way to encourage governments to follow through on what they have agreed, but there is no reason for women and girls to have to keep waiting.

Women’s participation in decision making is still a long way from parity too and in a broad sense, violence against girls and women has not been significantly reduced; a third of women worldwide have experienced sexual violence; 30 million girls are at risk of undergoing FGM during the coming decade; the sexual abuse of children under the guise of supposed “marriage” continues to affect 15 million girls per year.

In some nations, we have seen backtracking too from equality for women. Kenya introduced a new Marriage Act as recently as 2014, which legalized polygamy, including without the consent of a man’s first wife.

Globally, there continues to be a huge gap between what governments commit to do and what happens in practice. In many cases, even if good laws against violence and discrimination do exist, they are not being implemented. This weekend, there is a huge risk that governments (once again) agree to commit to achieving these new global goals, but do not give enough time, effort and other resources to ensure tangible change in their own countries.

Societies cannot develop socially, economically, politically or culturally without ensuring equality for all citizens. We cannot have sustainable peace and security without safeguarding the rights of half of society. We cannot end poverty without addressing the gender imbalance, where a majority of the world’s poor are women.

The needs of girls and women are central to all sustainable development. Every single girl should have an equal opportunity to access justice, education, healthcare and live in a safe and peaceful environment. Women need to be valued in exactly the same way as their male counterparts.

The global movement for equality is growing all the time. World leaders meeting at the UN this weekend have the power to really listen this time and actively translate words into improvements for all of the world’s people. We cannot afford to be in the same position in 15 years’ time.

The views expressed in this article are those of the author and do not necessarily represent the views of, and should not be attributed to, IPS – Inter Press Service.

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