{"id":17407,"date":"2014-04-23T14:46:43","date_gmt":"2014-04-23T14:46:43","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/envolverde.com.br\/?p=111743"},"modified":"2014-04-23T14:46:43","modified_gmt":"2014-04-23T14:46:43","slug":"eleicoes-continuam-na-india-mas-as-mulheres-ja-perderam","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.ipsnews.net\/portuguese\/2014\/04\/ultimas-noticias\/eleicoes-continuam-na-india-mas-as-mulheres-ja-perderam\/","title":{"rendered":"Elei\u00e7\u00f5es continuam na \u00cdndia, mas as mulheres j\u00e1 perderam"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml><br \/>\n<o:OfficeDocumentSettings><br \/>\n<o:PixelsPerInch>72<\/o:PixelsPerInch><br \/>\n<\/o:OfficeDocumentSettings><br \/>\n<\/xml><![endif]--><\/p>\n<p><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml><br \/>\n<w:WordDocument><br \/>\n<w:View>Normal<\/w:View><br \/>\n<w:Zoom>0<\/w:Zoom><br \/>\n<w:TrackMoves\/><br \/>\n<w:TrackFormatting\/><br \/>\n<w:HyphenationZone>21<\/w:HyphenationZone><br \/>\n<w:PunctuationKerning\/><br 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\/>\nUnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" QFormat=\"true\" Name=\"Book Title\"\/><br \/>\n<w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"37\" Name=\"Bibliography\"\/><br \/>\n<w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"39\" QFormat=\"true\" Name=\"TOC Heading\"\/><br \/>\n<\/w:LatentStyles><br \/>\n<\/xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 10]><\/p>\n<style>\n \/* Style Definitions *\/\n table.MsoNormalTable\n\t{mso-style-name:\"Tabela normal\";\n\tmso-tstyle-rowband-size:0;\n\tmso-tstyle-colband-size:0;\n\tmso-style-noshow:yes;\n\tmso-style-priority:99;\n\tmso-style-parent:\"\";\n\tmso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;\n\tmso-para-margin:0cm;\n\tmso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt;\n\tmso-pagination:widow-orphan;\n\tfont-size:10.0pt;\n\tfont-family:\"Calibri\",\"sans-serif\";}\n<\/style>\n<p><![endif]--><\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_111744\" style=\"width: 539px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"http:\/\/envolverde.com.br\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/04\/india6401.jpg\"><img class=\" wp-image-111744 \" alt=\"india6401 Elei\u00e7\u00f5es continuam na \u00cdndia, mas as mulheres j\u00e1 perderam\" src=\"http:\/\/envolverde.com.br\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/04\/india6401.jpg\" width=\"529\" height=\"253\" title=\"Elei\u00e7\u00f5es continuam na \u00cdndia, mas as mulheres j\u00e1 perderam\" \/><\/a><p class=\"wp-caption-text\">Protesto contra uma central nuclear no Estado indiano de Gujarat. As mulheres querem maior representa\u00e7\u00e3o no parlamento para que seus pontos de vista sejam ouvidos. Foto: Krishnakant\/IPS<\/p><\/div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Nova D\u00e9lhi, \u00cdndia, 23\/4\/2013 \u2013 \u201cOs homens n\u00e3o querem ceder nenhuma de suas cadeiras, simples assim\u201d, afirmou Subhhasini Ali, de 67 anos e candidata ao parlamento indiano, manifestando o sombrio progn\u00f3stico que prevalece entre as organiza\u00e7\u00f5es de mulheres desse pa\u00eds. Ali, duas vezes legisladora e dirigente da Associa\u00e7\u00e3o de Mulheres Democr\u00e1ticas de Toda a \u00cdndia (AIDWA), bra\u00e7o do Partido Comunista da \u00cdndia (marxista), \u00e9 candidata por Barrackpore, distrito eleitoral do Estado de Bengala Ocidental. Neste gigantesco pa\u00eds, as elei\u00e7\u00f5es parlamentares come\u00e7aram no dia 7 e terminar\u00e3o em 12 de maio.<\/p>\n<p>Ali \u00e9 uma das poucas mulheres que disputam cargos eletivos. Os partidos pol\u00edticos, inclusive os que apoiam fervorosamente a exist\u00eancia de uma cota feminina no parlamento, n\u00e3o conseguem nem mesmo uma candidata para cada dez homens candidatos \u00e0s 543 cadeiras do Lok Sabha, a c\u00e2mara baixa. As mulheres s\u00e3o apenas 7% dos 3.355 candidatos nas primeiras cinco fases das nove que t\u00eam as elei\u00e7\u00f5es no pa\u00eds, segundo a Associa\u00e7\u00e3o pelas Reformas Democr\u00e1ticas, que luta por maior transpar\u00eancia e inclus\u00e3o nas elei\u00e7\u00f5es indianas.<\/p>\n<p>H\u00e1 388 milh\u00f5es de mulheres habilitadas a votar, 47,6% de um padr\u00e3o eleitoral de 814,5 milh\u00f5es. \u201cSe nossa presen\u00e7a n\u00e3o \u00e9 considerada importante no parlamento, se as decis\u00f5es sobre nosso futuro s\u00e3o tomadas sem nos consultar, por que devemos votar em pol\u00edticos que n\u00e3o acreditam na causa do empoderamento das mulheres no pa\u00eds?\u201d, questionou Ranjana Kumari, do Centro para a Pesquisa Social, com sede em Nova D\u00e9lhi. \u201cTemos a sensa\u00e7\u00e3o de que perdemos. As mulheres est\u00e3o ficando cada vez mais marginalizadas\u201d, declarou \u00e0 IPS a ativista Jyotsna Chatterji, do Programa Conjunto de Mulheres.<\/p>\n<p>Em 2009, nas elei\u00e7\u00f5es gerais, se candidataram 556 mulheres, ou 6,9% dos 8.070 candidatos de 363 partidos pol\u00edticos, segundo a Comiss\u00e3o Eleitoral. Foram eleitas 59 mulheres (10,9%), a maior propor\u00e7\u00e3o de pol\u00edticas candidatas e eleitas desde 1957. H\u00e1 18 anos, v\u00e1rios partidos pol\u00edticos bloqueiam um projeto de cota feminina que prop\u00f5e reservar \u00e0s mulheres um ter\u00e7o das vagas na c\u00e2mara baixa do parlamento e dos \u00f3rg\u00e3os legislativos estaduais. Se essa lei for aprovada, as candidatas ter\u00e3o asseguradas 180 cadeiras na c\u00e2mara baixa.<\/p>\n<p>Os partidos pol\u00edticos contr\u00e1rios ao projeto alegam que se deveria fixar uma cota dentro da cota feminina para representantes de comunidades vulner\u00e1veis. Mas os povos tribais e os dalits (os intoc\u00e1veis do sistema hindu de castas) j\u00e1 t\u00eam 120 cadeiras reservadas na c\u00e2mara baixa. E, em 2009, 17 mulheres foram eleitas por esta representa\u00e7\u00e3o. \u201cMuitos partidos pol\u00edticos haviam concordado em conceder voluntariamente 33% das candidaturas a mulheres\u201d, contou Chatterji, que na d\u00e9cada de 1990 encabe\u00e7ou o movimento pela cota feminina. Mas n\u00e3o cumpriram.<\/p>\n<p>Como a presen\u00e7a feminina \u00e9 visivelmente maior na esfera profissional, nos debates p\u00fablicos e nas vota\u00e7\u00f5es, as organiza\u00e7\u00f5es de mulheres esperavam que as dire\u00e7\u00f5es partid\u00e1rias dessem o exemplo e reservassem 15% ou 30% dos lugares em suas listas, nada menos que a metade da popula\u00e7\u00e3o, reconhecendo as grandes mudan\u00e7as sociais e pol\u00edticas das \u00faltimas d\u00e9cadas. Contudo, \u201cn\u00e3o vai mudar nada na representa\u00e7\u00e3o feminina, a menos que o projeto seja aprovado\u201d, ressaltou Ali.<\/p>\n<p>As tr\u00eas principais for\u00e7as \u2013 o governante Partido do Congresso, o direitista Bharatiya Janata (BJP), favorito para formar governo, e o novo Partido Aam Aadmi (do homem comum) \u2013 prometeram aprovar a lei de cotas, se ganharem as elei\u00e7\u00f5es. \u201cA menos que sejam superadas certas atitudes, ser\u00e1 in\u00fatil esperar que os partidos por si s\u00f3 apresentem mais candidatas, sobretudo se n\u00e3o s\u00e3o obrigados a isso\u201d, opinou \u00e0 IPS Malini Bhattacharya, de 70 anos, duas vezes legisladora e ex-integrante da Comiss\u00e3o Nacional das Mulheres.<\/p>\n<p>Ruth Manorama, de 62 anos, defende os direitos das mulheres dalits e preside a Alian\u00e7a Nacional de Mulheres, e agora \u00e9 candidata pelo distrito de Bangalore Sul em uma lista do partido secular Janata Dal. Ela \u00e9 mais otimista. \u201cPrecisamos seguir passo a passo\u201d, pontuou \u00e0 IPS. Outros querem reformas radicais. \u201cAs estruturas partid\u00e1rias e o processo eleitoral em si mesmo precisam de uma mudan\u00e7a dr\u00e1stica se quisermos uma abundante participa\u00e7\u00e3o feminina\u201d, apontou Tapashi Praharaj, da AIDWA. \u201cA capacidade das mulheres de triunfar est\u00e1 permanentemente em quest\u00e3o, mas n\u00e3o se tenta fortalec\u00ea-la\u201d, acrescentou.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cOs enormes fundos necess\u00e1rios para fazer campanha s\u00e3o outro obst\u00e1culo\u201d, argumentou Chatterji. Para estas elei\u00e7\u00f5es o governo elevou os limites do que um candidato pode gastar para US$ 116 mil. Segundo Chatterji, embora os dirigentes afirmem que n\u00e3o podem encontrar boas candidatas, h\u00e1 muitas que est\u00e3o aptas, mas n\u00e3o conseguem atrair o interesse dos partidos.<\/p>\n<p>Mais de dois milh\u00f5es de mulheres ocupam cargos em \u00f3rg\u00e3os de governos locais, os \u201cpanchayat raj\u201d, em virtude de uma cota de 33% em vigor para aldeias e distritos desde 1993 e que em alguns Estados aumentou para 50%. Os conselhos locais das cidades tamb\u00e9m devem reservar uma propor\u00e7\u00e3o de vagas para representantes femininas. Essas cotas criaram uma massa significativa de dirigentes pol\u00edticas.<\/p>\n<p>A \u00cdndia, maior democracia do mundo, tem apenas 11,4% de legisladoras nas duas casas do parlamento. O Afeganist\u00e3o tem representa\u00e7\u00e3o feminina de 27,6% e o Paquist\u00e3o de 18,5%, segundo dados deste ano da Uni\u00e3o Interparlamentar. Envolverde\/IPS<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>&nbsp; Nova D&eacute;lhi, &Iacute;ndia, 23\/4\/2013 &ndash; &ldquo;Os homens n&atilde;o querem ceder nenhuma de suas cadeiras, simples assim&rdquo;, afirmou Subhhasini Ali, de 67 anos e candidata ao parlamento indiano, manifestando o sombrio progn&oacute;stico que prevalece entre as organiza&ccedil;&otilde;es de mulheres desse pa&iacute;s. Ali, duas vezes legisladora e dirigente da Associa&ccedil;&atilde;o de Mulheres Democr&aacute;ticas de Toda a [&hellip;] <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ipsnews.net\/portuguese\/2014\/04\/ultimas-noticias\/eleicoes-continuam-na-india-mas-as-mulheres-ja-perderam\/\" class=\"more-link\">Continue Reading <span class=\"meta-nav\">&rarr;<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":127,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[2256,989,3178,24,2257],"class_list":["post-17407","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-ultimas-noticias","tag-eleicoe","tag-inter-press-service-reportagens","tag-ips","tag-mulheres","tag-s-india"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ipsnews.net\/portuguese\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/17407","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ipsnews.net\/portuguese\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ipsnews.net\/portuguese\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ipsnews.net\/portuguese\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/127"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ipsnews.net\/portuguese\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=17407"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.ipsnews.net\/portuguese\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/17407\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ipsnews.net\/portuguese\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=17407"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ipsnews.net\/portuguese\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=17407"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ipsnews.net\/portuguese\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=17407"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}