Stories written by Milagros Salazar
Milagros Salazar started her career with IPS in June 2006. She specialises in social and environmental conflicts, in particular those relating to the mining, oil and gas industries in Peru. She also writes about the illegal production and trade of cocaine throughout country. Salazar also writes for the political pages of the daily La República, published in Lima. Since 1993, she has been working as an editor and correspondent for several national dailies, including Expreso and El Peruano.
Born in Lima in 1976, Salazar holds a bachelor’s degree in social communication from the Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos and a master’s degree in human rights from the Pontificia Universidad Católica de Perú. She has also pursued further study on political governance as part of programmes sponsored by the U.S.-based George Washington University.
Small farmers from Peru’s impoverished Andean highlands provinces of Ayacucho are moving into indigenous land in the country’s central jungle region to grow coca.
Social movements, trade unions, peasant farmer and indigenous organisations are holding strikes and demonstrations to demand that Peruvian President Alan García fulfil the social commitments he has made, in writing and at negotiating tables.
"Ashaninka women give birth at home, in accordance with tradition," declares José Ponce, the head of the health committee in Puerto Ocopa, a village of 253 Ashaninka indigenous families deep in the central Peruvian jungle.
Peru is enjoying a mining boom. But while some areas lacking in minerals and oil have seen very little of the windfall profits, other districts have taken in so much money that they have only been able to actually use a tiny portion of it.
"We will not allow the oil company to come in because it will bring pollution and we will suffer," said Medaly Pancho, a member of the Ashaninka community in the central Peruvian province of Junín. "We hunt and fish, we live our peaceful lives, and we don't want that to change."
More than 180 oil and natural gas fields extend across the western Amazon, shared by five South American countries and threatening biodiversity and indigenous lands, warns a study by U.S.-based organisations.
The Peruvian Congress voted Friday to repeal two decrees that opened up communally owned native lands to private investment and that triggered a wave of protests this month by indigenous people in Amazon jungle provinces.
Defending the state of emergency declared in three provinces in Peru to crack down on protests by indigenous communities against a law facilitating the sale of their community-owned lands, Prime Minister Jorge del Castillo said the government was safeguarding "the rights of the great majority of Peruvians."
Sixty-six percent of the Peruvian state’s revenue from the extractive industries does not appear on government accounts. Parliament is taking a hand in the matter amid pressure from oil, gas and mining companies for the government to flout an international agreement on transparency.
Policies to get small farmers involved in saving, preserving, producing, marketing and genetically improving potatoes should take precedence over the age-old dispute between Chile and Peru about where potatoes originated, experts from both countries say.
The Peruvian parliament is studying ways to improve the distribution of the "canon minero", the portion of the taxes paid by mining companies that is transferred to the regions, in order to benefit the country’s poorest provinces.
The Peruvian capital, faced with rapidly rising cost of living, was the epicentre of protests calling for fulfilment of social and wage agreements signed by the government. Although only one violent incident occurred, some 200 demonstrators were arrested.
The conflicts surrounding extractive industries in Peru could shift from the mountains to the jungles due to the rising number of concessions granted for the Amazonian regions of San Martín, Madre de Dios and Amazonas, and which are being strongly opposed by the local indigenous communities.
The violent tensions arising from the mining boom in Peru could move from the mountains to the Amazon jungles, warn officials, activists and indigenous leaders.
The business community in Peru is pressuring the government not to sign into law new legislation that would establish full labour rights for some 400,000 subcontracted workers.
The Peruvian government has announced that poverty fell by 5.2 percent in a year and forecasts that by 2015, less than 10 percent of the population will be below the poverty line. But experts and provincial governors cast doubt on these figures, given the unmet basic needs of peasant families.
More than 5,000 indigenous and peasant communities in Peru launched a petition drive this week with the aim of getting President Alan García’s decree promoting private investment in communally owned land declared unconstitutional.
Peru’s indigenous associations are pursuing a political project of their own, and hope to win power in the 2011 presidential elections in order to defend their collective rights.
In South America’s Andes mountain region, indigenous women have traditionally been responsible for selecting, conserving and managing seed potatoes from the countless native varieties of the crop, thus ensuring diversity and continued production while contributing to food security among their people.
Twenty European corporations are being tried for human rights violations before an ethical tribunal at the Peoples’ Summit, organised for the third time by the Bi-Regional Network "Enlazando Alternativas" (Linking Alternatives) in Lima. The organisers announced that they hope to take some of these cases to ordinary courts of justice in Peru.